Big Tech in African Fintech

By Eric Osiakwan

I ended my May 2021 essay with the hypothesis “…leading fintechs might turn around and start acquiring the banks” and, sure enough, on the 12^th of May 2021, the Competition Authority of Kenya in a gazette notice approved the acquisition of 84.89% stake in Century Microfinance Bank by Branch International Limited – a leading global fintech with operations in Kenya[1].One of the signs of a maturing ecosystem is home grown ventures mature into unicorns[2], gazelles and zebras[3], increased mergers and acquisitions[4] and the entry of global tech giants hungry for a piece of the action – the subject of this essay. So, whilst the Branch acquisition was unexpected, it was unsurprising when Twitter announced on 14^th April 2021 that they are setting up their Africa HQ in Ghana[5].

On the very same day Amazon announced an investment of $280M in their new 70,000 square meter office complex in Cape Town as their African HQ[6]. Even though Amazon has been in SA since Amazon Web Services (AWS) first established its presence in Cape Town in 2004 and later opened a Joburg office in 2015, this is the biggest investment in an African HQ[7] by a tech company. They subsequently partnered with the South African Post Office (SAPO)to establish the Amazon model in Africa[8].In February 2021,global music streaming giant Spotify announced, it is now available in more than 80 emerging markets including Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Tanzania and Uganda[9].Even though Facebook has had an office in SA since 2015, Mark Zuckerberg’s visit to Nigeria in 2016 led to the opening of their second Africa office in Lagos in 2021[10].

Amidst the pandemic last year came the big news, Stripe acquired 100% of Paystack a leading African Fintech – this was the strongest signal that big tech in coming into African Fintech[11]. This is because the African fintech sector is heating up and big tech does not want to be left out.

In some ways, thesecould actually be seen as late comers to the party because even though some have been around much longer, in 2007, Google setup it first African office in Kenya hiring now Minister of ICT, Joe Mucheru to lead the charge[12] even though it had some sales guys in SA dating back to 2006[13]. Google has since built an extensive presence in Africa[14]. Microsoft has also had presence in South Africa datingthree decades back[15] but in 2013, it launched its Microsoft4Afrika initiative in Kenya to start investing in start-ups, SMEs, partners and youth[16].

In 2019, Microsoft launched a $100M initiative to establish development centers over the next five years starting with Kenya and Nigeria[17]and recently announced the establishment of two data centers to bring services closer to its users[18]. That puts Microsoft in the forefront of initiatives aimed at the African tech ecosystem[19]. In 2013, the International Business Machines (IBM) Corporation also opened a $100M research facility in Kenya[20]followed by Oracle making its first Africa acquisition of Nimbula, a provider of private cloud infrastructure management software[21] which was how Oracle entered the cloud business[22].In the same year, Chinese tech giant, Tencent, opened an Africa office in South Africa through Naspers (their shareholder) to operate WeChat Africa to somewhat unsuccessfully compete with WhatsApp[23]. Tencent is now primarily responsible for the operations of the JOOX music entertainment app[24].Back in 2001, Naspers made a $34M investment in China’s Tencent Holdings for 33.3% which is now valued at more than $175B so Tencent could afford to have an Africa office. In May 2021, Dutchlisted technology investor Prosus NV increased its stake in Naspers to nearly 50% in a share swap deal that will move part of their holdings in China’s Tencent to Amsterdam[25].

Fintech App Usage Up 61% Year-On-Year, Says DeVere

The Unicornization Of African Fintech

Even though Alibaba, another Chinese Internet giant does not yet have a formal Africa operation, it’s founder Jack Ma has made periodic visits to Africa since 2017 suggesting that they may setup an office soon[26] especially since he stepped down to focus on philanthropic activities on the continent[27].The latest evidence of this is their partnership with Flutterwave[28].In 2019, Chinese owned Opera browser, launchedOpayinto the Nigerian market to make its debut into Africa with a $50M investment[29].Opay is now raising $400M at a $1.5B valuation – joining the unicorn club[30]. In 2008, another Chinese tech manufacturer, Transsionopened offices in Nigeria and later other countries for the African market with a focus on low-cost phone brands like Tecno, Itel, Infinix, etc some of which it now manufactures in Ethiopia[31].It has recently setup Transsnet in a joint venture to focus on creating an application layer on top of their smart phones – for example, Boomplay for music and Palmpay for payments.

Finally, we have also seen the trend of the CEOs of some of these big tech companies visiting the continent to ascertain things for themselves. So far about eight of them have made multiple trips[32] including then Google Chairman Eric Schmidt’s visit in 2013 to Kenya following which he wrote a detailed observation[33]. With this much attention on Africa as the current nexus of global tech innovation, is it possible that some of the new Special Purpose Acquisition Companies (SPACs) that have raised soo much capital through the public markets (such as TidjaneThiam’s Freedom Acquisition I Corporation)would also start looking at acquisition targets in Africa?[34]especially when leading fintechs like Flutterwave have made it known that they want to go public[35].

COVER IMAGE: Global Finance Magazine

[1]https://kenyanwallstreet.com/branch-international-gets-nod-to-acquire-84-89-stake-in-century-microfinance-bank/

[2]https://techcrunch.com/2021/05/30/africa-has-another-unicorn-as-chipper-cash-raises-100m-series-c-led-by-svb-capital/

[3]https://blogs.harvard.edu/eric/2021/04/01/the-unicornization-of-african-fintech/

[4]https://blogs.harvard.edu/eric/2021/05/04/mergers-and-acquisitions-in-african-fintech/

[5]https://blog.twitter.com/en_us/topics/company/2021/establishing-twitter-s-presence-in-africa.html

[6]https://weetracker.com/2021/04/21/amazon-in-african-e-commerce/

[7]https://www.itweb.co.za/content/kYbe9MXDLLxMAWpG

[8]https://businesstech.co.za/news/technology/485033/us-e-commerce-giant-signs-deal-with-south-african-post-office/

[9]https://kenyanwallstreet.com/spotify-launches-in-kenya-amid-digital-tax/

[10]https://techpoint.africa/2020/09/18/facebook-lagos-office/

[11]https://paystack.com/blog/company-news/paystack-joining-stripe